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全文目录：

• 1、关于台球的research proposal
• 2、“forecast”是什么意思？
• 3、关于利率和债券的问题,需英文解答,谢谢

关于台球的research proposal

Report on Investigation and Analysis of Billiards Market in China (2009 version)

Research background

Research methods

Chapter Ⅰ China Billiards market’s economic characteristics

Part 1． Product profile

1．Product definition

2．Product category

3．Development background of various products

Part 2．Billiards industry’s position in the national economy

Part 3．Billiards industry’s economic environment

Part 4．Technology development

Part 5．Billiards product’s life-cycle analysis

Part 6．Market entry / exit barriers

Part 7．Profitability analysis of Billiards industry

Chapter Ⅱ Billiards ’s production analysis

Part 1．Production scale and growth rate of Billiards from 2005 to 2008

Part 2．Regional distribution of production

Part 3．Production capacity and capability trends of Billiards from 2009 to 2012

Part 4．Industry leaders’ production situation and product strategy

Part 5．Problems in Billiards industry’s production

Chapter Ⅲ Billiards market analysis

Part 1．Billiards industry chain

Part 2．China Billiards market’s scale and growth rate from 2005 to 2008

Part 3．Factors affecting Billiards market’s scale

Part 4．Forecast of Billiards market’s scale and growth rate from 2009 to 2012

Part 5．Market share of Key players from 2005 to 2008

Part 6．Billiards market’s potential analysis

Part 7．Trends of market demand

Chapter Ⅳ Analysis of regional market of Billiards industry

Part 1．Each province’s market scale and share of Billiards in 2008

Part 2．Forecast of each province’s market scale and share of Billiards from 2009 to 2012

Part 3．Deep analysis of market situation in key provinces

Chapter Ⅴ Analysis of Billiards ’s segment maket

Part 1．Characteristics of each product segment

Part 2．Market scale of each product segment

Part 3．Forecast of each product segment’s market scale and growth rate from 2009 to 2012

Part 4．Analysis and forecast of key product segment’s Market prospect

Chapter Ⅵ Analysis of Billiards product’s price

art 1．Price elasticity of Billiards product

Part 2．Relation between the price and cost of Billiards product

Part 3．Key players’ price level and pricing strategy

Part 4．Role of price in Billiards market competition

Part 5．The effect of economic crisis on Billiards ’s price

Part 6．Trend of Billiards ’s price from 2009 to 2012

Chapter Ⅶ Analysis of Billiards market competition

Part 1．Theory basis of competition analysis

Part 2．Competition pattern of Billiards industry

Part 3．Analysis of competition groups

Part 4．Analysis of Billiards market concentration

Part 5．Key factors in Billiards market competition

Chapter Ⅷ Analysis of technology development Billiards industry

Part 1．Present situation of Billiards industry’s technology

Part 2．Development trends of Billiards industry’s technology

Chapter Ⅸ Analysis of Billiards ’s import and export

Part 1．Export analysis

1．Total amount and growth rate of China Billiards export

2．Key brands exported to oversea markets

3．The effect of global economic situation on the export of Billiards

Part 2．Import analysis

1．Total amount and growth rate of China Billiards import

2．Key brands imported to China

3．The effect of global economic situation on the import of Billiards

Chapter Ⅹ Upstream industry analysis of Billiards

Part 1．Present situation of Billiards ’s upstream industry

Part 2．Effect of upstream industry on Billiards

Part 3．Trends of upstream industry

Part 4．Economic crisis’s effect on Billiards ’s upstream industry

Chapter Ⅺ Downstream industry analysis of Billiards

Part 1．Present situation of Billiards ’s downstream industry

Part 2．Effect of downstream industry on Billiards

Part 3．Trends of downstream industry

Part 4．Economic crisis’s effect on Billiards ’s downstream industry

Chapter Ⅻ Analysis of distribution Channel

Part 1．Patterns and contrast of channels

Part 2．Effect of different channels on Billiards industry

Part 3．Key factors in channel building and management

Part 4．Analysis of Key players’ channel strategy

Part 5．Major regional agents

Chapter ⅩⅢ Analysis of substitute products

Part 1．Effect of substitute products on Billiards

Part 2．Present situation and trends of substitute products

Part 3．Effect of present economy situation on Billiards ’s substitute industry

Chapter ⅩⅣ Analysis of complementary products

Part 1．Effect of complementary products on Billiards

Part 2．Present situation and trends of complementary products

Part 3．Effect of present economic situation on Billiards ’s complementary industry

Chapter ⅩⅤ Major drives of Billiards industry development

Part 1．National policy orientation

Part 2．Development of related industry

Part 3．Technology development of Billiards industry

Part 4．Change of social demand

Chapter ⅩⅥ Policy environment of Billiards products

Part 1．Macroeconomic policy

Part 2．Industrial policy

Part 3．Effect of policy changes caused by economic crisis on Billiards industry

Chapter ⅩⅦ Analysis of key enterprises

Part 1．Brief introduction of the top 10 companies

Part 2．Competition capability analysis of the top 10 companies

Part 3．Financial quota analysis of the top 10 companies

Chapter ⅩⅧ Risk analysis of Billiards industry

Part 1．Risk of environment

Part 2．Risk of upstream and downstream sectors in the industry chain

Part 3．Risk of industrial policy

Part 4．Risk of market

Part 5．Other risks

Chapter ⅩⅨ Prospect forecast and opportunity analysis of Billiards market

Part 1．Prospect forecast of Billiards industry

Part 2．Analysis of opportunity in segment market

Part 3．Analysis of opportunity for new entrants

Part 4．Analysis of horizontal investment opportunity in the industry chain

Part 5．Analysis of vertical investment opportunity in the industry chain

Part 6．Overall evaluation of the opportunities in Billiards market

Chapter ⅩⅩ Suggestions

Part 1．Product positioning and pricing

Part 2．Suggestions for cost control

Part 3．Technical innovation

Part 4．Distribution channel building and market strategy

Part 5．Investment strategy

Part 6．Suggestions of dealing with present economic situation

Appendix:

Large-scale Billiards enterprise’s credit and financial data, the main contents include: the main products, industry code, the number of employees, annual total revenue, total assets, total industrial output value, industrial sales value, industrial added value, the total current assets, total fixed assets, the main business income , main business cost, main business tax and surcharges, and other business income, other business profits, financial expenses, operating profit, investment income, no-operating income, total profit and loss, total profits and taxes, income tax payable, advertisement expenses, research and development costs, the cash-flow-out generated from operating activities, cash-flow-in generated from operating activities, cash outflow from investing activities, cash inflow from investing activities, cash outflow produced by fund-raising activities, cash inflow produced by fund-raising activities ... ...

“forecast”是什么意思？

【解释】：

1.vt.预报，预测; 预示;

2.vi.预报，预测;

3.n.预报; 预言;

第三人称单数：forecasts

过去分词：forecasted

复数：forecasts

现在进行时：forecasting

过去式：forecasted

【例句】：

用作名词 (n.)

1.Share prices plunged as a result of the gloomy economic forecast.

关于经济前景暗淡的预测导致股票价格大跌。

2.The Treasury's forecast assumes that inflation will remain below 3%.

财政部的预测称,通货膨胀率将保持在3%25以下。

3.The weather forecast says it will be sunny tomorrow.

天气预报说明天是晴天。

4.Despite the good weather forecast, the next morning was as wet as ever.

尽管预报称天气很好，但次日上午仍阴雨绵绵。

用作动词 (v.)

1.They tried to forecast the result of the football match.

他们试图预测这场足球比赛的结果。

2.Next year's growth rate is forecast at just 1%.

据预测,第二年的增长率仅仅只有1%25。

关于利率和债券的问题,需英文解答,谢谢

The inter-bank market - where banks bor-row from or lend

to each other- is flushed with money at the moment, due to a

flood of for-eign funds and the continued fall in interest

rates.

This means that banks here have more mo-ney than they need

and are motivated to lend out such "idle money". Hence, the

low housing loan rates, for example. This contrasts with the

situation at the height of the Asian economic crisis when

there was a liquidity crunch, and interbank rates, which are

the rates at which banks borrow from or lend to each other,

hit as high as 12%.

Also, interest rates have fallen significantly over the

last few months, a phenomenon that would stimulate economic

growth as lower borrowing costs and savings rates will

en-courage businesses to invest and households to consume.

In such a low interest-rate environment, it may still be

good for investors to consider in-vesting some money in

bonds because they will be able to achieve a higher return

than cash deposits.

For example, in Singapore, current short-term fixed

deposit rates are now about 1%, compared with 3% for a

5-year Singapore government bond and 3.6% for a 5-year HDB

bond.

In other words, relative to short-term de-posit rates, one

can pick up 2% more by hold-ing the bond for 5 years.

Interest rates aside, the retail investor should pay heed

to a more fundamental principle a-bout investing in bonds:

it does not matter whether interest rates are high or

low-bonds play an essential part in a person's investment

portfolio.

Investors may find this statement hard to swallow, given

the current stock market rally.

No doubt, the Singapore stockmarket has risen by about 55%

over the last six months and is the best performing asset

class now; yet, it is important to note that the stockmarket

had also fallen substantially by about 37% in the first 9

months of 1998 alone.

Therefore, investors should be mindful of the volatility

of the stockmarket.

Bonds, measured by the UOB Government Bond Index, are less

volatile although the probability of earning higher returns

than equities is lower.

Cash deposits, measured by the three-month Singapore

Inter-Bank Offer Rate, are the least volatile but this is

offset by the fact that returns are the lowest.

In a nutshell, an investor should consider investing in

bonds as an alternative asset class for the purpose of

diversification and in consi-deration of his overall

investment objectives.

These objectives include whether there is a greater need

for capital gains or regular in-come. Other considerations

such as liquidity needs and time horizon also determine an

in-vestor's appetite to assume risks and, accord-ingly, his

choice of asset class to invest in.

As a bond pays a regular coupon, or interest rate, it may

be suitable for investors, for exam-ple, retirees, who

require a regular income over a specific time horizon.

The higher need for certainty of income would mean a lower

tolerance for volatility. Although cash deposits may earn

interest, however, due to their shorter tenors, or

time-frames, an investor may face the risk of roll-ing

over, or reinvesting his money, at lower interest rates when

the deposit matures.

For example, in early 1998, when inter-bank rates were as

high as 12%, investors who locked in their funds at high

deposit rates of about 6% for a year would have had to roll

o-ver at much lower interest rates 12 months la-ter when

their deposits matured and rates had fallen to about 1%.

Secondly, if an investor has excess cash which he intends

to use at a later date, it may be advisable to invest his

excess cash in less volatile instruments to preserve his

savings as well as enhance his returns.

Therefore, bonds, like stocks or any other asset class,

can fulfil certain investment ob-jectives.

How does one invest in the bond market?

Currently, retail investors can buy Singapore government

bonds over the banking counter. The minimum investment for

government bonds is S$1,000 and treasury bills is S$10,0000.

Investors can buy and sell on a daily basis. The cost of

transaction is usually the differ-ence between the purchase

price and sale price of the bond, and may vary from bank to

bank.

They can also buy bonds as and when new issues are

launched. For example, HDB and JTC bonds were offered to the

retail market during their primary launches.

Alternatively, investors can consider invest-ing in fixed

income unit trusts. The benefits of unit trusts are that

investors are able to invest in smaller denominations with

typical invest-ments of S$1,000.

在外国资金流入和利率持续下跌的带动下，目前银行间彼此借贷

的银行同业市场资金充斥。

这意味着，这里的银行拥有的资金比它们所需要的多，所以乐意

把这些“闲钱”借出去。例如说，把房屋贷款利率调低。比起亚洲危

机最紧张的时期，情况刚好相反，当时的资金紧缩、银行间彼此借贷

的同业拆息率高达12%。

此外，利率在去几个月里明显下跌，这是一个可刺激经济增长的

征兆，因为较低的贷款成本和储蓄利率将鼓励商家投资和家庭消费。

在这样的低利率环境下，投资者可以考虑把一些资金投资在债券

，因为他将能取得比现金存款高的回报。

例如，在新加坡，目前的短期定期存款利率大约是1%，而5年期

政府债券是3%，5年期建屋发展局债券是3.6%。

换句话说，与短期存款利率比较，持有5年期债券可得到的回报

相对多了2%。

除了利率之外，散户投资者也应该注意投资债券的基本原则：不

论利率是高还是低，债券在一个人的投资组合中扮演重要的角色。

目前的股票市场牛劲十足，投资者可能觉得这种说法难以消化。

毫无疑问的，新加坡股票市场已经在过去六个月里涨了大约55%

，是表现最优异的资产等级；但是，值得留意的是，单单在1998年的

首9个月，股票市场也曾经显著下跌了大约37%。

因此，投资者应小心股票市场波动。

以大华银行政府债券指数衡量的债券，虽然赚取比股票高的回报

的可能性低，但是波动比较没有那么大。

以3个月银行同业拆息率衡量的现金存款，它的波动最低，但是

它的回报也是最低的。

总的来说，投资者应该考虑把债券投资当作另一个资产等级的选

择，以达到多元化投资和整体投资目的。

这些目的包括是否要取得资本回报或是定期的收入。其他的考虑

还有变现的需要，而投资期也决定投资者承担风险的胃口，因此影响

他选择投资的资产等级。

债券定期支付利息，可能比较适合那些在固定时期内需要有定期

收入的投资者，如退休人士。

越需要有稳定的收入的人，对波动的容忍能力越低。虽然现金存

款能带来利息，但是它的投资期限较短，投资者面对的风险是，如果

存款到期时的利率比较低，得把资金再作投资。

例如说在1998年初，当银行同业拆息率高达12%时，以大约6%的

存款利率把资金锁定一年，存款期于12个月后到期时，利率已经跌到

约1%，投资者得以显著较低的利率更新存款。

第二，如投资者有多余的现金并希望在日后使用，可能比较适合

把这些多余的现金投资在波动没有那么厉害的工具，以保住他的储蓄

，以及加强他的投资回报。

散户投资者现可通过银行柜台购买新加坡政府债券。政府债券的

最低投资额是1000元，而国库券的最低投资额是1万元。

投资者可每天买卖。交易成本通常是债券的买价和卖价之间的差

距，每家银行不一样。

他们也可以在有新债券发行时购买。例如，建屋发展局和裕廊镇

管理局的债券初次发行时，都在散户市场出售。

又或者，投资者可以考虑投资固定收入单位信托。单位信托的好

处是，投资者可作较小数额的投资，典型投资额是1000元。

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