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全文目录：

1、求一篇美丽中国为主题的英文演讲稿
2、the history of Australia
3、A Brief History of the Internet
4、Economic history回国认证是经济学还是历史学

求一篇美丽中国为主题的英文演讲稿

1 尊敬的各位领导老师,亲爱的同学们:

你们好!今天我很荣幸能够有机会站在这里,做“我看改革开放三十周年”的演讲,和在座的各位一起去领略改革开放的丰硕成果!

如今的中国,已经发生了天翻地覆的变化,据悉,世界媒体最为关注的本年度国际政治焦点就是中国的崛起,英国《独立报》称2008年将是中国成为超级大国的一年,而美国时事期刊《新闻周刊》在去年12月22日的报道中更是回顾了中国改革开放三十周年,总结了期间傲人的成绩!

可以说,促使我国摆脱贫穷和饥饿,并取得如此硕果的动力就是改革开放,自改革开放总设计师邓小平同志在1978年12月召开的党的十一届三中全会上提出改革开放路线以来,我国便以超过10%的年经济增长率高速发展,并取得了现在的成果!

经过30多年的改革开放,中国从落后的农业社会发展成为现代商业社会,并着手开拓具有中国特色的社会主义道路,1978年初,我国人均国内生产总值仅为379元人民币,截止到2006年2月达到2000美元,增加了约40倍!对外贸易总额也由206.4亿美元上升到1.4万亿美元。经济规模继美国和日本之后排在全球第三位,三十年的改革开放,使我国综合国力不断增长,国际地位不断提高,参与国际合作,在国际社会中的作用和影响逐渐加深,彻底改变了“弱国无外交”的被动局面。特别是1997年7月1日香港回归和1999年10月22日澳门回归,更是洗雪了中华民族百年的耻辱,使海内外华人扬眉吐气,今年台湾322入联公投的失败,更使所有国人为之一振!改革开放中的中国在维护中华民族领土完整的征程上又迈出了坚实的一步!有了改革开放所创造的雄厚经济根基,我国科研军事实力迅猛增强,2003年和2005年我国先后两次成功发射载人航天飞船,2007年发射首颗绕月探测卫星,今年又计划实现太空行走,中华民族正在走向民族振兴的道路上昂首挺胸、阔步远行!

-Dear leaders teachers and schoolmates:

Hello! Today, I am very honored to have the opportunity to stand here, "I see reform and opening speech, the 30th anniversary" with all of you to go to enjoy the great achievements reform and opening-up.

Nowadays, China has turned upside down, and the world media is most international political focus of this year is the rise of China, the independent says China's 2008 will become a superpower, but the current periodicals newsweek in December 22 reports is reviewed the 30th anniversary of China's reform and opening up, summarizes the achievements during the proud!

Say, poverty and hunger to China, and so are the fruits of reform and opening-up, power since the reform and opening in 1978 chief designer of comrade deng xiaoping held in December in the third plenary session of the reform and opening up, China has with route of more than 10% in economic growth, and obtained the high-speed development of now achievements!

After 30 years of reform and opening-up, China from behind the development of modern agriculture society become commercial society, and development of socialism with Chinese characteristics, 1978, China road early per capita GDP 379 yuan, only to February 2006 reached $2,000, increased approximately 40 times! Foreign trade volume and 206.4 billion by up to $1.4 trillion. Economies of scale after America and Japan in the third world, three years of reform and opening-up, China comprehensive national strength increasing international status, continuously improve, participate in international cooperation in the international society, the role and effect, and gradually changed completely "combined the passive state without diplomacy". Especially on July 1, 1997, HongKong and 1999, Macao's return on October 22nd, the Chinese nation hundred XiXue disgrace, make this year, and Chinese elated in Taiwan referendum failed (all authors, more people! China's reform and opening up in the maintenance of the nation's territorial integrity and made of solid step! The reform and opening up are created by the strong economic foundation, China's military strength and rapid scientific research in 2003 and 2005 China successfully launched twice, 2007 manned spacecraft launched on first satellite around this year, and plans, the Chinese nation is space walk towards the rejuvenation of the road with pride and stride trip!

2 美丽的2008

Good afternoon, ladies and gentlemen:

Bidding for the Olympic Games, in a way, an image-creating undertaking. The first and foremost thing is to let people fall in love with the city at first sight, attracting them by its unipue image. What image does Beijing intend to create for itself once it has the opportunity to host the 2008 Olympics?

It is known to all that the Beijing Municipal Government has already set the theme for the future games: New Beijing, Great Olympics. For me, the 2008 Olympics will be a great green Olympics illuminated with two more special colors, yellow and red.

First, yellow is a meaningful color. The Yellow River is China's Mother River and the descendants of the Yellow Emperor. This color has a special origin and great significance for the Chinese people. Beijing is the capital of New China and previously the capital for nine dynasties in Chinese history. So, yellow will naturally add splendor to the 2008 Games.

Secondly, the 2008 Olympics will be a red pageant.Red is another traditionally cherished color for the whole country. We adore red. On big occasions, we like to decorate our homes in red. It is the color of double happiness, representing joyous moments, auspiciousness, enthusiasm and prosperity. Red is one of the most suitable colors to describe the future of Beijing . Beijing , together with the whole country, is becoming more and more prosperous in the process of modernization. Should the 2008 Olympics be held in Beijing, the whole city will be a sea of red : the red torch,red flags, red flowers, and the radiant faces of millions of joyful people.

Above all, the 2008 Olympics will be a green Olympics. Adding a green ingredient is essential in creating an appealing image, as we can't deny the fact that Beijing, at the moment, is not as green a city as what we like it to be. Striving for an environmentally appealing city has become a central task for all the citizens of Beijing. Big efforts have been made in pollution control, replanting and beautification of the city. According to a project entitled" The Green Olympic Action Plan", between 1998 and 2007, Beijing, we have invested 100 billion RMB in preserving and protecting the environment. Some 12.5 million trees and over 1 million acres of grass will be planted along the Fourth Ring Road. By then, the city's green area will make up 40% of its total. The city will also dredge its reservoirs used as a water supply to Beijing residents, controlling industrial pollution and moving out the 200 factories presently located within the city proper.

Certainly, all of this is no easy task. But I am sure that all of us have confidence that we will realize these green goals. For now we have the full support and participation of the environmentally conscious citizens. Each

citizen is showing great concern for every one of the steps the city government takes. As the saying goes, United, we stand, and a green Beijing will be achieved.

When our aspiration becomes a reality, it will be a unique Olympics." New Beijing, Great Olympics"; will be weaved of these three superb colors: yellow, red and green.

Let us welcome it and look forward to it! Thank you!

3 中国美食

Chinese Food

Chinese are famous for their cuisine. Chinese are the ultimate gourmet. Especially in south China, they would say they'd eat everything that has four legs besides the dinner table, everything that has two wings besides a plane. Many of the dishes served in China may really surprise newcomers. And many of these dishes are so called medicinal dishes believed to have extraordinary nutritional value, including Shark Fin, Swallow Nest.

Snake soup is among the most treasured soups in China. Then there are also snake gall and blood mixed in liquor which supposedly will brighten your eyes. Some "westernized" Chinese would suggest that if Adam and Eve had been Chinese we humans would still be in the Garden of Eden as they would have eaten the snake.

Chopsticks are the main table utensils in China. Chinese children starts with a spoon but will adapt to chopsticks as early as when he just turns one. As a gift chopsticks symbolize straightforwardness, because of its shape. Chinese chopsticks don't have pointed tip, unlike the Japanese style that is refined to pick out the bones for their main diet, fish. Chinese chopsticks are mostly of bamboo, but today there are more and more wooden ones and plastic ones.

Foreigners are not expected to use chopsticks proficiently, but if they do, they will give a mighty impression. Therefore before you go to China, go to the local Chinese restaurant, if not to find authentic Chinese food, at least you can practice the use of chopsticks. If in your first meal in China you don't have to use chopsticks, then if you still can't handle the two sticks to pick up a big shrimp in your tenth meal, you show your incompetence in learning and the willingness to learn.

the history of Australia

意思是澳洲的历史

“澳大利亚”一词出自拉丁语，意思是“南方的大陆”。

A Brief History of the Internet

五○年代末至六○年代对美国而言是一个不安的年代。从古巴的核子飞弹危机到与苏联的冷战、越战爆发、政治干预第三世界国家造成对立等，皆在考验美国。美国人也一直笼罩在若与苏联发生战争，将遭受核子飞弹攻击的阴影之下。美国军方深信，一旦发生大战，胜利者将会是拥有科技优势的一方，因此美国国防部于五○ 年代末成立 ARPA (Advanced Research Project Agency)，有关信息处理技术为其中重要之研究工作，其它研究机构亦积极展开科技研发工作，其中计算机更是进步神速。

到六○年代末，各政府研发单位与主要大学已拥有当时最尖端的计算机设备了。为了分享研发数据，美国国防部有意将现有的计算机设备连接起来成为一个网络，于是 ARPA 委托 BBN 公司研究发展此系统。这个网络的基本要求是战争爆发时，即使网络上的线路或设备部分遭受破坏，系统必须仍能运作。 BBN 利用「分封交换」(packet switching) 技术于 1969 年在美国西部架设了一个实验网络，连接加州与犹他州四所大学中的计算机设备，并订出 NCP (Network Control Protocol) 的通讯协议，这个网络的特色是万一有部分的网络出问题，其它计算机仍能靠其它线路维持联机，此网络称做 ARPANET，为因特网 Internet 的前身。

到 1971 年时，ARPANET 已经连接了包含哈佛大学与麻省理工学院等四十多个学校、军方及政府机构单位，并制定出远程终端模拟 (Telnet) 与档案传输 (FTP) 标准协议。1972 年时于华府公开展示并成立 INWG (Inter-Networking Group)，推举瑟夫 (Vinton Cerf，有人称此位先生为 Internet 之父，目前为 MCI副总) 担任主席，以研订此网络之传输标准协议，同时首封电子邮件 (electric mail) 由BBN之汤林森 (Ray Tomlinson) 经ARPANET 发出。远程终端仿真、档案传输与电子邮件三种服务可说是 Internet 最早提供的应用服务。1973 年时，Internet 首度连往英国、挪威等美国以外地区。

1974年，瑟夫与康恩 (Bob Kahn) 提出 TCP/IP 通讯协议 (Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol) ，解决了跨越不同计算机系统连接的问题，因此很受欢迎。1976年，由 BBN、史丹佛大学、College 大学研发出路由器 (router) 设备，使得网络连网更加的方便。后来美国国防部做了一个令人意想不到的决定：将 TCP/IP 的所有技术公开，让全世界免费使用。于是，一个原先因为战争的阴影而发展出来的网络尖端技术，最后竟然完全公开供全世界计算机通讯使用。

然而 ARPANET 究竟是美国国防网络，使用之用户都是经过选择的 (与军方有合作计划的研究单位、大学等) ，并非想连接就可以连接，因此有必要建立一个类似ARPANET 的网络但专供计算机科学研究用。1981年，美国国家科学基金会 (National Science Foundation，NSF) 出资建立了CSnet (Computer Science Network)正式运作。此时 TCP/IP 的原设计者瑟夫建议 ARPANET 与CSnet应该可以透过网关器 (gateway) 彼此相连，他更建议 CSnet应该可以让其下面的不同子网络能共享相同的网关器与 ARPANET

相连，此时真正的 Internet 才算诞生。

1986年，NSF 出资建立美国研发网络骨干系统 (NSFNET)，提供高速之数据传输能力，使公民营研发机构及学校能以路由器连上此高速骨干网络，并于 1987 年委托 Merit、IBM、MCI 等专业维护运作厂商运作，提供研发单位更好之计算机网络。1989 年ARPANET 功成身退后，由 NSFNET 接手研发单位之计算机网络服务，1991 年建立商用之 Internet 连网交换服务 (Commercial Internet Exchange，CIX)，Internet 商业化开始萌芽。

在 1993 年柯林顿公布总统之 E-Mail 地址，使大众可用 E-Mail 与总统交换意见，积极推动 NII 计划，以振兴美国经济。此后多媒体、使用便利的 WWW 浏览器之出现，广大民众不再害怕使用计算机网络，使得 Internet 急速地在世界各地发展。现在，Internet 已成为连接到全球大部分国家、超过十万四千个网络及三千万部计算机主机的庞然大物。

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